古市镇卯山路拓宽改造工程（道路部分）中标公告

Laser marking technology is used to mechanically engrave marks, logos, and serial numbers on different items for identification purposes. Such markings are resistant to fading and deterioration over time, thus enduring for the long term. Branding and identification is long lasting. Marks’ durability is determined by the type of material being marked, laser settings, as well as the surrounding temperature, humidity, and chemicals.

Different forms of laser marking processes fall under the following categories:

• Annealing: Used mainly on metals, this marking process errors a mark that has a range of colors using heating without material removal as a means of marking.
• Carbon Migration: This procedure concerns the bringing of carbon to the surface to obtain a dark mark and is mostly used in medical and aerospace sectors.
• Foaming: Light colored raised marks are achieved by forming bubbles within the materials.
• Coloration: Change the material’s color without removing any superficial layer.
• Ablation: material layers are removed to obtain structures to mark.
• Etching: Surface melting is done so as to raise the mark formed.
• Deep Engraving: A lot of material is extracted from the surface in a way that results in a deep noticeable mark.
• Paint or Layer Removal: Concealments are removed in order to expose what is underneath.

2.5D Laser:

• Employs a 2D galvanometer head with a motorized lifting pillar that changes the focal point of the laser during the engraving step.
• Can execute 3D engraving on flat objects by increasing the elevation of the laser head incrementally after each pass.
• Does not engrave movable curved surfaces or do dynamic focus changes.
• Has a lower operating cost and is less complicated to run for beginners.
• Best suited for flat plate three-dimensional relief work while severely limited in geometric manipulability.

3D Laser:

• Fitted with a 3D galvanometer head consisting of a Z-axis mirror which allows for dynamic focus change during operation.
• Can perform engraving on curved surfaces, script engraving as well as image engraving with large area and high precision.
• The Z-axis changes in concert with X and Y horizontals while ensuring the position of the laser beam stays calibrated in focus for the Z coordinate.
• Works best and more efficiently in industry settings that require precision flexible functions at greater accuracy.

• Best Overall: DeWalt DW088 – contains high levels of accuracy (+/- 1/8 inch at 30 feet), durability, and flexibility making it suitable for professionals and DIYers. Price: ~$150.
• Best 360 Degree: CIGMAN 3×360 – comes with three 360° beams, a bright green laser, and extra features such as remote and a tripod which are very helpful. Price: ~$150.
• Best Long Range: Huepar 3D – comes with a 200-foot range (with detector) and provides excellent accuracy for large spaces making it suitable for big projects. Price: ~$140.
• Best Value: Motovera LL-T2 – low range priced, compact, and reliable for small projects with a bright green beam. Price: ~$36.

The following explains how different factors affect engraving depth as it pertains to marking materials:

• Standard Laser Marking: Usually, its markings range from a few microns to half a millimeter (500 microns) and is suitable for superficial markings.
• Deep Laser Engraving: Capable of achieving as much as 5mm deep engravings on metals such as steel and titanium, but the amount of power used and the type of material affects the engraving.
• Factors Influancing Depth: Greater laser power, slower speed, and repetition increase depth. Type of material, such as aluminum against stainless steel, will also affect how deep the marking will be.
• Applications: Used extensively for deep engravings that need to withstand wear and tear, logob, serial numbers and intricate 3D designs on industrial components, coins and jewelry.